Training the terrible two's...

As I get further into my studies as a dog trainer, I learn that there are many common threads between human development and canine stages of learning and behaviour. I often hear of people complaining that their previously sweet puppy, who is now a year and a half or nearly two is suddenly out of control and they need help. Recently, I began training a cute little mutt, a rescue from Mexico, named Sugar (above). She is adorable and smart, but very unruly. She reminds me of two year old child, discovering how to wrap adults around her little finger, or paw rather. Whether, the dog was brought home as a puppy, rescued as an adult dog, or just going through a stage, there will come a time when this cute little being will test you, its handler, to establish its boundaries. My advice to all dog owners who are struggling to get their dog under control is, ZERO TOLERANCE for any unwanted behaviour. Any repeated behaviour becomes learnt behaviour!

Many behavioral problems are in actuality training issues. With daily work, my dogs are getting progressively better behaved; nevertheless, some of their habits are unacceptable and seem to be chronic. Holly jumps up and pushes people over. She is a bully and barks at the neighbors. Miko, my boy dog, barks at everything, especially men. He also pushes past me and pulls on his lead. I have been working on improving their level of obedience and using positive training methods to reinforce their good behaviors. Unfortunately, even though they are improving and are more manageable; they are still misbehaving. The reason for this is that I have been unintentionally reinforcing their habits. Simply put, dogs only do things that work. They have a desired outcome, if achieved, the reward ensures they will perform the action again. The reason they continue to do these annoying things is because they bring about the desired results.

Regardless of your chosen training techniques, it is not effective to simply punish your dog for doing things you don't like! To decrease bad habits, you must give your dog the exact opposite of what it wants in order to make it clear that the action is not going to bring about the desired effect. Punishment, verbal and even physical, for some dogs is perceived as attention. For attention seekers like my Holly, the punishment becomes an enforcer! Squeaky noises, squealing and yelling at her makes her happy and reinforces the jumping. Pushing her down becomes a game. For Miko, his barking simply makes people go away. Even though he is often barking through the window and the passer-by is going by regardless; he perceives their retreat as a victory, which ensures he will do it again the next time. The same goes for pulling. Miko pulls me to get to the park faster and sure enough it does get us there! Even though I am correcting him the entire way, even treating him for heeling, he is reinforced by the fact that we get to the park because he has pulled me there. If I punish him by pulling back on the leash, it just amps him up!

To control unwanted behavior you must give the dog the opposite of what it wants. When Miko pulls, I turn around and walk him the other way. We don't move one inch toward the park until he heels nicely. If he barks through the window, he loses his privileges of looking out. I take away his ability to see the people move away. He values his freedom to look out the window and guard the house, so I made up a two bark rule. I take that freedom away from him, each and every time he barks (more than twice). When Holly jumps up for attention, she gets ignored and turned a back to. She must sit for any positive interactions. Jumping gets her nothing! Similarly, if she barks for attention or demands treats, she gets ignored or quietly put out of the room. This requires "Zero Tolerance" of bad behavior. I now do not allow her to pull on the leash either. She has a good heel, but lunges at other dogs. This results in me turning on my heels and walking the other way. She is aggressing over territory, barking, as well as lunging. This results in her losing access to that territory. What I had taken to be fear aggression may actually be a dominance issue. She wants to be top dog! Since aggressive displays now results in a loss of resources to her, the behavior has decreased.

Dogs are very simple creatures, in that they do what works! They learn like children, while we adults will bang our heads against a wall trying to fit a square peg into a round hole! Dogs will only try something a couple times without results. If it doesn't work, they will most likely move onto something that does. Figure out what is the most "basic" reason your dog is doing whatever it is you don't like and either make it impossible for the dog to continue that behavior, or give it the exact opposite outcome that it desires. This will aid in correcting them faster than verbal or physical punishment. (Technically, punishment is anything that decreases a behavior, but in this case I am referring to the familiar term of scolding or even physically dominating). In terms of reinforcing, I reward all good behavior too. Giving attention and / or resources (access to something), as well as praise and treats, will increase the good behavior while you are decreasing the bad. "Zero Tolerance" doesn't mean "punishment", it simply means consistency!